![]() ![]() No matter what instrument, there is always a limit to how small a difference is detectable. Measurements, however, can be only so precise. There is no limit to how precisely a position can be specified. Instrument errors follow from the fact that space is continuous. Judgment becomes a factor when the phenomenon that is being measured is not directly observable (like an aquifer), or has ambiguous boundaries (like a soil unit).Įnvironmental characteristics, such as variations in temperature, gravity, and magnetic declination, also result in measurement errors. Human errors include mistakes, such as reading an instrument incorrectly, and judgments. In general, there are three sources of error in measurement: human beings, the environment in which they work, and the measurement instruments they use. Errors are also introduced when second- and third-generation data is produced, say, by scanning or digitizing a paper map. ![]() ![]() Errors are introduced in the original act of measuring locations on the Earth surface. All measurements contain some degree of error. Positions are the products of measurements. ![]()
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